How to make job priority in 2018?
The employment of the country and the economy of the country both are interlinked. If the employment rate is good then automatically the economic growth of the country will increase. There is less economic growth in agriculture, so many people are dropping from agriculture and many villagers are migrating to towns, cities to get better jobs. Due to this, the farming plots are decreasing day by day. It is very tough situation for the country to supply required food for the growing population. The “Lewisian Transformation”, the trend of underemployed labour moving out of agriculture into more creative jobs, named after economist Arthur Lewis, has in many Third World countries become the “Lewisian Trap”, with most workers stuck in unwarranted low-wage jobs.
According to Reserve Bank of India websites, the employment in “agriculture, hunting, forestry and fishing” has been falling since 2004. In 2004, 56% of employment was occupied by these three fields. When we consider the statistics of 2014, the employment fall to 43%. It’s a huge change. Actually India is agriculture depended country but the importance is gradually losing in India. Apart from agriculture industry, textiles, leather products, footwear, paper industry, mining, public administration, defense, chemical, post & telecom, wood are the industries loosing employment in India. So we can state that there are many industries loosing employment. Here you will get a doubt, that where did all these people will go?
To the above question: where did all those people displaced from agriculture go? The real estate or construction sector absorbed the maximum portion—between 2004 and 2014, the number of those employed in real estate field increased by as much as 10% (as per CARG report). The remaining portion was observed by the few other sectors are trade, transport, education and “other services”. According RBI website and CARG reports, in 2014, employment in construction field accounted for 13.6% of total employment, trade 10%, transport 4.3%, “other services” 4.9% and education 3.1%. The majority of employment is in the very low productivity sectors. So it is necessary for people to move out of low-productivity agriculture, but it will not help much if the only jobs available in the low-productivity sectors.
The proportion of regular workers has increased, so casual workers and the self-employed have fallen. The bulk of casual workers eked out a precarious living in agriculture and construction and most of the self-employed were farmers and traders. Among regular workers, the largest employment was in education. Within industrial, the chaotic sector was 62.3% of the prepared sector at the beginning of the century, in 2000-01. According to RBI website by 2011-12, it had shrunk to 43% of the organized sector.
At RBI websites we have data only till 2014; it is very likely the job situation has become worse. The droughts of 2014 and 2015 must have led to more people moving out of agriculture. But with real estate in the stagnations, the construction sector no longer provides jobs for the masses. Demonetization, GST and RERA rules have led to disturbance in the informal sector and the presentation of the manufacturing sector has been lackluster.
